Appendix 2
Energy content conversions |
|
 |
The factors listed in the following tables are used when converting individual types of fuel from volume or weight to energy equivalence, or vice versa. The values are indicative only because the quality of any fuel varies with factors such as location and air pressure. Values given here apply at a temperature of 15º Celsius and pressure of 1 atmosphere (101.3 kilopascals). The values are the gross energy content of the fuel — that is, the total amount of heat that will be released by combustion.
The usable energy content of uranium metal (U) is 0.56 petajoules per tonne, and that of uranium oxide (U3O8) is 0.47 petajoules per tonne. The oxide contains 84.8 per cent of the metal by weight. |
| |
| 42 |
Energy content of gaseous fuels in Australia |
|
|
|
|
MJ/m3 |
|
| Natural gas (sales quality) |
| Victoria |
38.8 |
| Queensland |
39.5 |
| Western Australia |
41.5 |
| South Australia, New South Wales |
38.3 |
| Northern Territory |
40.5 |
| Ethane (average) |
57.5 |
|
| Town gas |
|
| – synthetic natural gas |
39 |
| – other town gas |
25 |
| Coke oven gas |
18.1 |
| Blast furnace gas |
4 |
|
| Sources: RET; BHP Billiton. |
| 43 |
Energy content of liquid fuels in Australia |
|
|
|
|
MJ/L |
L/t |
GJ/t |
|
| Aviation gasoline |
33.1 |
1 412 |
46.8 |
| Automotive gasoline |
34.2 |
1 360 |
46.4 |
| Power kerosene |
37.5 |
1 230 |
46.1 |
| Aviation turbine fuel |
36.8 |
1 261 |
46.4 |
| Lighting kerosene |
36.6 |
1 270 |
46.5 |
| Heating oil |
37.3 |
1 238 |
46.2 |
| Automotive diesel oil |
38.6 |
1 182 |
45.6 |
| Industrial diesel fuel |
39.6 |
1 135 |
44.9 |
|
| LPG |
|
|
|
| – propane |
25.5 |
1 960 |
49.6 |
| – butane |
28.1 |
1 760 |
49.1 |
| – mixture |
25.7 |
1 890 |
49.6 |
| – naturally occurring (average) |
26.5 |
1 866 |
49.4 |
|
| Fuel oil |
|
|
|
| – low sulfur |
39.7 |
1 110 |
44.1 |
| – high sulfur |
40.8 |
1 050 |
42.9 |
| Refinery fuel (fuel oil equivalent) |
40.8 |
1 050 |
42.9 |
| Naphtha |
31.4 |
1 534 |
48.1 |
| Lubricants and greases |
38.8 |
1 120 |
43.4 |
| Bitumen |
44 |
981 |
42.7 |
| Solvents |
34.4 |
1 229 |
44 |
| Waxes |
38.8 |
1 180 |
45.8 |
|
| Crude oil and other refinery feedstocks |
|
| – indigenous (average) |
37 |
1 250 |
46.3 |
| – imports (average) |
38.7 |
1 160 |
44.9 |
| Orimulsion |
|
|
28 |
| Ethanol |
23.4 |
1 266 |
29.6 |
| Methanol |
15.6 |
1 263 |
19.7 |
| Tallow |
|
|
35 |
| Liquefied natural gas (north west shelf) |
25 |
2 174 |
54.4 |
|
| Sources: BP; BHP Billiton; Mobil Exxon; Santos; Woodside Petroleum. |
| 44 |
Energy content of solid fuels in Australia |
|
|
|
|
GJ/t |
|
|
| New South Wales |
| Exports |
|
| – metallurgical coal |
29 |
| – thermal coal |
27 |
| Electricity generation |
23.4 |
| Steelworks |
30 |
| Washed thermal coal |
27 |
| Unwashed thermal coal |
23.9 |
|
| Queensland |
|
| Exports |
|
| – metallurgical coal |
30 |
| – thermal coal |
27 |
| Electricity generation |
23.4 |
| Other |
23 |
| |
|
|
GJ/t |
|
|
| Western Australia |
| Thermal coal |
19.7 |
|
| Tasmania |
|
| Thermal coal |
22.8 |
|
|
| Victoria |
9.8 |
| Briquettes |
22.1 |
| South Australia |
15.2 |
|
|
| Coke |
27 |
| Wood (dry) |
16.2 |
| Bagasse |
9.6 |
|
| |
