| Bagasse |
The fibrous residue of the sugar cane milling process that is used as a fuel (to raise steam) in sugar mills. |
| |
| Biogas |
Landfill (garbage tips) gas and sewage gas. Also referred to as
biomass gas. |
|
| Brown coal |
(see lignite) |
|
Coal byproduct
|
Byproducts such as blast furnace gas (from iron and steel processing), coal tar and benzene/toluene/xylene (BTX)
feedstock and coke oven gas (from the coke making process). |
|
| Conversion |
The process of transforming one form of energy into another (derived) form before final end use. Energy used in conversion is the energy content of fuels consumed as well as transformed by energy producing industries. Examples are natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas used in town gas manufacturing, all hydrocarbons used as feedstocks in oil refineries, and all fuels (including electricity) used in powerstations — therefore, energy used in conversion also includes energy lost in the production, conversion and transport of fuels (such as energy lost in coke production) plus net energy consumed by pumped storage after allowance for the energy produced. |
|
| Crude oil |
Naturally occurring mixture of liquid hydrocarbons under
normal temperature and pressure. |
|
| Condensate |
Hydrocarbons recovered from the natural gas stream that
are liquid under normal temperature and pressure. |
|
Derived or
secondary fuels |
Fuels produced or derived by conversion processes to provide the energy forms commonly consumed. They include petroleum products, thermal electricity, town gas, coke, coke oven gas, blast furnace gas and briquettes. |
|
| Economic demonstrated resources |
The quantity of resources that is judged to be economically extractable under current market conditions and technologies. |
|
| Lignite |
Non-agglomerating coals with a gross calorific value less than 17 435 kJ/kg, including brown coal which is generally less than 11 000 kJ/kg. |
|
| Liquid fuels |
All liquid hydrocarbons, including crude oil, condensate, liquefied petroleum gas and other refined petroleum products. |
|
| Natural gas |
Gases that include commercial quality sales gas in the form of liquefied natural gas (LNG), ethane and methane (including coal seam and colliery gas) as well as plant and field use of noncommercial quality gas. In this report, natural gas also includes town gas and gas from garbage tips and sewage plants. |
|
| Petajoule |
The joule is the standard unit of energy in general scientific applications. One joule is the equivalent of one watt of power radiated or dissipated for one second. One petajoule, or 278 gigawatt hours, is the heat energy content of about 43 000 tonnes of black coal or 29 million litres of petrol. |
|
| Petroleum |
Generic term for all hydrocarbon oils and gases, including refined petroleum products. |
|
| Petroleum products |
All hydrocarbons used directly as fuel. These include liquefied petroleum gas, refined products used as fuels (aviation gasoline, automotive gasoline, power kerosene, aviation turbine fuel, lighting kerosene, heating oil, automotive diesel oil, industrial diesel fuel, fuel oil, refinery fuel and naphtha) and refined products used in nonfuel applications (solvents, lubricants, bitumen, waxes, petroleum coke for anode production and specialised feedstocks). |
|
| Primary fuels |
The forms of energy obtained directly from nature.
They include nonrenewable fuels such as black coal, lignite, uranium, crude oil and condensate, naturally occurring liquefied petroleum gas, ethane and methane, and renewable fuels such as wood, bagasse and municipal waste gas, hydro and wind power, solar and geothermal energy. |
|
| Total final energy consumption |
The total amount of energy consumed in the final or ‘end use’ sectors. It is equal to total primary energy- consumption less energy consumed or lost in conversion, transmission and distribution. |
|
| Total primary energy consumption |
Also referred to as total domestic availability. The total of the consumption of each primary fuel (in energy units) in both the conversion and end use sectors. It includes the use of primary fuels in conversion activities — notably the consumption of fuels used to produce petroleum products and electricity. It also includes own use and losses in the conversion sector. |
|
| Town gas |
All manufactured gases that are typically reticulated to consumers. These include synthetic natural gas, reformed gas, tempered liquefied petroleum gas and tempered natural gas. In this report, town gas consumption is included with natural gas. |
